Kabary Malagasy

Nandritry ny kabary sy lahateny nataon’ny filoha Andry Rajoelina izay noentiny namarana ny taona 2020 sy nitsenaina ny taom-baovao 2021 ny alakamisy 31 desambra 2020 tamin’ny 8 ora alina, nivantana tamin’ny fahitalavitra TVM, dia nanararaotra ny tenany nitanisa ireo zava-bitan’ny fitondrana, nialohan’ny nitondrany ireo teny firarian.

1. Kabary Malagasy Tera Bao
2. Kabary Malagasy Fanokafana
3. Kabary Malagasy Pdf
4. Kabary Malagasy Fanokafana
5. Kabary Malagasy Fanambadiana

In Madagascar time often plays no role, but talking to each other extensively does. One form of speech is particularly popular on the Red Island: the Kabary. Kabary is the word for a speech for which many people are together in the same place. At the same time, it is a very traditional form of oral history that can be used on a variety of occasions.

The Kabary probably goes back to the early kings of Merina in the Malagasy highlands. King Andrianampoinimerina already liked to make excessive speeches to the people at the beginning of the 18th century. As the vast majority of the citizens were illiterate at that time, these speeches had to contain as much of the kingdom’s news as possible. Such a Kabary was accordingly long. Under the French colonial rule, the Kabary was pushed back, but with the independence of Madagascar, it found a new upswing.

Still today, the Kabary is applied in many places in Madagascar. It is particularly important in celebrations and ceremonies, for example at a funeral or Famadihana, the turning of the dead. For festivities, there are even professional Kabary speakers, the Mpikabary. At weddings in the highlands, it is common to hire such a speaker to accompany all conversations between the families of the couple and to provide linguistic support for the entire ceremony. The festive setting of many celebrations is based on how good the speaker is. Those who excel and demonstrate high rhetorical skills can even become Tompon’ny kabary, a “master of Kabary”. A master of Kabary must not bore his audience but must be able to captivate them with his eloquence. A Malagasy proverb says that with a good Kabary, people would “not even notice the fleas that sting them”.

But what makes a speech to a Kabary? In a Kabary, care is taken not to name central points of criticism or discussion directly, but always to ensure in many words and in a very polite way that the listener can draw his own conclusions. Above all, this involves a very careful, well-considered choice of words. In English, you would call it “talking around the bush”, but Kabary is much more than that. The Kabary is the high art of adult, humorous, and wise speaking. The use of blunt criticism, hate speech, or exposing words is not appropriate in a Kabary. Instead, a Kabary adorns stories with many metaphors and Malagasy proverbs (ohabolana), making them come alive. Cleverly interspersed riddles let the audience actively participate in the Kabary. A good Kabary can settle disputes, teach lessons for life, but also convey legends and link the world of today with that of the ancestors, who are highly respected in Madagascar. The Kabary is considered a special form of social art in Madagascar. Tompon’ny Kabary enjoy a high reputation in society and are respected as authorities. However, the style of a Kabary is also chosen to give special weight to a speech in a smaller circle. A Kabary can also be a farewell to guests after a successful trip or a decorated political speech if the speaker wants to make the situation particularly ceremonial. It should be understood as a special dignity to be honored with a Kabary.

Hainteny (pronounced [hajnˈtenʲ], Malagasy for 'knowledge of words') is a traditional form of Malagasyoral literature and poetry, involving heavy use of metaphor. It is associated primarily with the Merina people of Madagascar.^[1] In its use of metaphor and allusion it resembles another type of poetry, the Malaypantun, and Fox^[2] suggests 'it seems likely the Merina brought with them a Malayo-Polynesian poetic tradition' to Madagascar. The Ibonia, an epic poem related for centuries in different versions across Madagascar, reflects the value placed on the linguistic skills celebrated in the hainteny tradition, and offers insight into the diverse mythologies and beliefs of traditional Malagasy communities.^[3]

Collections of hainteny were first gathered in print form on the orders of Queen Ranavalona I in the 19th century. The French writer Jean Paulhan, who stayed in Madagascar from 1908 to 1910, made an intensive study of the hainteny and published a book of translations in 1913.^[4]

Hainteny often incorporates ohabolana (proverbs) and kabary (public discourse). Both of these two oral traditions remain integral parts of Malagasy daily life, where they are pronounced at such events as weddings, funerals, births and famadihana and constitute an essential component of hiragasy performances. They may also include angano (folktales and fables), tantara (historical narratives) or ankamantatra (riddles).^[5] These diverse Malagasy oral traditions were advanced in the 20th century by such artists as Jean Joseph Rabearivelo, who is considered Africa's first modern poet,^[6] and Elie Rajaonarison, an exemplar of the new wave of Malagasy poetry.^[7]

Ohabolana[edit]

Malagasy Kabary (from the time of Andrianampoinimerina) 1873: Cousins William Edouard: Fomba Malagasy: 1931: Cousins William Edward: A Concise Introduction to the Malagasy Language (being pages xiv to lix of A New Malagasy-English Dictionary) 1885: Vakio: Cousins William Edward. Apr 30, 2020 Rafitry ny kabary. See more of Kabary Malagasy on Facebook. Kabary tsy iangarana tsy vita. Ny Boky aza no toa manakaiky azy kokoa, fa natao endrika tranonkala izy mba ho mora vakiana sy mora hianarana; satria efa maro ny olona mampiasa aterineto amin’izao vanin’andro iainantsika izao. Malagady Kabary Malagasy Literary Arts.

'Proverb' offers a weak approximation of the meaning of ohabolana, which constitute no less than concise expressions of the Malagasy philosophical worldview. While the exact number of existing ohabolana is unknown, the largest published collection includes over 6,500 of them relating to all aspects of life and particularly the human condition. Fox has described ohabolana as constituting 'a universal philosophy of life that transcends its Malagasy context and merits admiration as one of man's noble attempts to construct a valid moral and philosophical framework for his existence.'^[8] Ohabolana are not the property of a particular class but are rather at the disposition of anyone who finds a salient application of a particular expression to a given situation. Their form persists unchanged from ancient times even when grammar and syntax of contemporary speech have since evolved because, as Fox notes, altering an ohabolana would constitute disregard for the venerated ancestors who are their originators. Ohabolana are characteristically brief, metaphorical, symmetrical in pattern and syntax.
Examples:^[9]

1. In its literary form, Kabary allows to keep and safeguard the language and terms specifically Malagasy, especially those unusual in everyday life, such as proverbs and maxims. In Malagasy society, kabary is linked to important life events, like birth, the wedding, the death, etc.
2. Sokajy: Kabary Malagasy. Kabary fisaorana ho an'ny serasera.org. Ny tonga tsy miarahaba tokoa hono naman'ny tezitra ary ny lasa tsy manao veloma naman'ny sosotra ka izany indrindra no hiarabako anareo izay tonga manatrika eto anio. Ka ny arahaba atolotro ho anareo dia ataoko toy ilay masoandro be lohataona ka hahenika ny isam-baravarana sy isan.

Manasa lamba be tseroka; na madio aza, mangarahara.—Washing a very dirty dress: even though it gets clean, it becomes full of holes.

Kabary Malagasy Tera Bao

Ny tsiny toy ny rivotra: mikasika ny tena, fa tsy hita tarehy.—Blame is like the wind: felt but not seen.
Ny voky tsy mahaleo ny tsaroana.—A good belly-full doesn't equal a kind remembrance.

Kabary Malagasy Fanokafana

Aza asesiky ny fitia tanteraka, ka tsy mahalala ny ranonorana ho avy.—Don't be so much in love that you can't tell when the rain is coming.

Kabary[edit]

The tradition of kabary in Madagascar, which predates Merina King Andrianampoinimerina (1787–1810), nonetheless owes much of its modern form, usage and meaning to standards set at his court. Kabary is a highly stylized form of speech that has formed an important part of Malagasy culture for centuries. One who speaks kabary is known as mpikabary. Skill in this form of ceremonial public speaking—in which ohabolana proverbs play a privileged role—is highly esteemed and one who shows himself to be a tompon'ny kabary (master of kabary) enjoys a higher level of respect and even authority. According to the classic collection of Malagasy folklore 'Tantara ny Andriana eto Madagasikara' the right to rule could even be determined by one's eloquence and skills in kabary, to the point where tompon'ny kabary and sovereign become interchangeable concepts:

We understand therein the function of the kabary:

there is a master of the words,
there is somebody who answers.
It is the master of the words who rules the kingdom;
As for the one who answers to the kabary,

it is the public acknowledgment of his submission.^[10]

Kabary forms an integral part of numerous important social ceremonies, including marriage, famadihana, circumcision and burial. By choosing to use the kabary speech style, a speaker can render any situation more formal and ceremonial, such as can happen when expressing condolences, offering thanks, formally addressing a gathering or giving a political address. To this day, skill in kabary can play a deciding role in the success of a Malagasy politician's career.

Kabary may be delivered by two or more mpikabary at the same occasion, and each one generally was nominated by and represents a portion of the audience present, as during hiragasy performances. When this happens, kabary speech can take on somewhat competitive overtones as the speakers attempt to demonstrate their superior skills. The mpikabary typically addresses himself to the audience of his opponent, and while direct confrontation is generally frowned upon in polite society in the Highlands of Madagascar, if an opponent mpikabary makes an error in the form of the kabary or misstates an ohabolana, this is commonly pointed out in an indirect or delicate manner as evidence of greater mastery. The use of indirect language such as proverbs is viewed as the more challenging, adult manner of speaking and demonstrates skill, while direct criticism, bluntness, hateful speech or anything that causes loss of face to the audience or a rival speaker is censured and despised as lacking in skill. Kabary is generally the domain of men and not women, because women are believed and expected to speak in a more straightforward way—including the expression of anger that can cause loss of face to the speaker—while men are expected to preserve face by taking the time to choose their words carefully when speaking to others. Nonetheless, some women may exceptionally engage in kabary (for instance, all queens), although men represent the vast majority of mpikabary.^[11]

Kabary Malagasy Pdf

References[edit]

Kabary Malagasy Fanokafana

• Auzias, Dominique; Jean-Paul, Labourdette (2008). Petit Futé: Madagascar 2008 (in French). Paris: Petit Futé. ISBN978-2-7469-1982-2.

1. ^Houlder, J.A. (1929). Ohabolana, or Malagasy Proverbs, Illustrating the Wit and Wisdom of the Hova of Madagascar. Antananarivo: Friends' Foreign Missionary Association.
2. ^Fox, L. (trans.). (1990). Hainteny, the Traditional Poetry of Madagascar. Lewisburg, PA: Bucknell University Press.
3. ^Unknown. 'Ibonia: the text in 17 sections'. University of Virginia. Archived from the original on July 10, 2011. Retrieved November 15, 2010.
4. ^Paulhan, J. (1913). Les Hainteny merina. Paris: Geuthner.
5. ^Peek, P. and Yankah, K. (2004). 'Malagasy Folklore and its Study.' In African Folklore: an Encyclopedia. New York: Routledge.
6. ^Rabearivelo (2007), p. x
7. ^Auzias & Labourdette (2007), p. 142
8. ^Fox, L. (1990). Hainteny: the traditional poetry of Madagascar. London: Associated University Presses. (p. 37)
9. ^Sibree, J. & Baron, R. (Eds.). (1893).The Antananarivo annual and Madagascar magazine. 5(17)—Part 1. Antananarivo: L.M.S. Press.
10. ^Ottino, P. (1983). Ancient Malagasy Dynastic Succession: The Merina Example. History in Africa, 10, 247–292. ('Dia hita eo ny fomban'ny kabary: misy tompon'ny teny,dia misy mamaly.Izay tompon'ny teny no mitondra ny fanjakana;ary ny olona kosa mamaly kabary, fanehoana fa mpanoa.' p. 261)
11. ^Keenan, E. (1998). 'Norm-makers, norm-breakers: Uses of speech by men and women in a Malagasy community.' In The Matrix of Language: Contemporary linguistic anthropology. Boulder, CO: Westview Press. pp. 99–115

Kabary Malagasy Fanambadiana